Dewey, J. (1938). Experiences and Education. New York, New York, United States of America: Simon and Schuster.
Considered one of the most important educational philosophers of the modern age, John Dewey unpacks, in his 1938 book the importance of viewing education as not purely a term that can be defined but more an ongoing process of experiences that when viewed as long learning is a continuous process of reconstructing experiences for ones lifetime. Written some seventy years ago, the book coherently defines what experience in education ideally is and offers solutions to potential hurdles of its implementation in school settings all of which have tremendous validity and utility in the twenty first century educational context.
John Dewey argues that education is not merely a transfer of information from teacher to student like goods are exchanged from buyer to seller. He further explains that experiences in and of themselves do not hold educational value and thus illustrates two distinct concepts: continuity and interaction as fundamental to the value of an experience (Dewey, 1938, p.25). He argues that an experiential continuum, choosing those experiences that are worth wile from those that are not, done by an outsider, is a source of discrimination. To Dewey social control cannot be completely out of the question to have a valid educational experience. Merely developing schools based on life-experience, is too open-ended and, leads to great inconsistencies. Thus making the point that a teacher’s role is not to be entirely out of the picture but to set the context for the children to come together and cooperatively control the experience in a social way with very little intervention (Dewey, 1938, pp.52-53). He reminds us of the old “stop and think” phase used within a teachable moment to highlight the need for external input on students experiences to strengthen or identify learning opportunities (Dewey, 1938, p. 64). Drawing upon his explanation of education that is provided through experience Dewey explains that subject matter must be in line with life-experiences.
The tone in which this book concludes exemplifies why even seventy years after it was written it still has tremendous value in education today. By tracing the development of the American curriculum overtime liked to a cycle (Tyler, 1949) of analysis, design, implementation and evaluation all contain assumptions that when formalized make up a philosophy (Wiles, 2005, p.77). Utilizing John Dewey’s ideas in the book as a tool to clarify such assumptions uncovers how modern curriculum (goals, objectives and standards) as it is today in the United States have been shaped.
The ideas presented in this book not only clarify educational development from a historical standpoint but also offer a solid foundational approach to the future of education in the twenty first century with the rapid technological context of changing access to information. While this text does not offer up simple how to solutions its utility lies in identifying the inescapable need for education to be a continuous spiral of experiences. This book is a core piece of work that defines and forms scholarly concerns, investigation, and ideals that curriculum leaders can use about the concept of experience education as a reference point to provide understanding for professional communication.